## Setting up the /etc/hosts file
## Robert Garrett <rob@freebsdzine.org>

This is one of the more common stumbling blocks for new users.  While the
freebsd installation generally does a fairly good job of configuring 
things for you it still leaves a few things that need to be tweaked a
little to make your system run a bit more smoothly.  The first time I came
across this problem was using cvsup.  I kept getting this strange message
about not being able to get my own hostname, then a little later I tried
to setup fetchmail, and it gave me an error gethostbyname failed.. so
began my journey into the hosts file.
     
The man page for hosts doesn't help a whole lot, and the format it
specifies isn't what sysinstall generates for ethernet cards, but for some
reason when generating the localhost line it does follow the man page.  
The line it creates looks like this.
     
	127.0.0.1	localhost.freebsdzine.org localhost
     
There it leaves us.  While this particular line is correct it neglects to
add the very much needed second line:
     
	127.0.0.1	localhost.freebsdzine.org.
     
     
Now, everybody likes to call their computer something other than
localhost, so they give it a name.  Well guess what, we need more lines
for that.  However, if we have a Network Interface Card, we will assign
the IP that we gave it to our name:
     
	172.16.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org mycomputer
	172.16.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org.
     
Sysinstall generally creates both of those for you when you configure a
network card, but what if we don't have a network card?  We can always do
something like this:
     
	127.0.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org mycomputer
	127.0.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org.
     
Then we need to add any other machines on the local network:
     
	172.16.0.2	hiscomputer.freebsdzine.org hiscomputer
	172.16.0.2	hiscomputer.freebsdzine.org.
     
They say an example is worth a thousand words so here we go:
     
	127.0.0.1	localhost.freebsdzine.org	localhost
	127.0.0.1	localhost.freebsdzine.org.
	127.0.0.1	me.freebsdzine.org		me
	127.0.0.1	me.freebsdzine.org.
	172.16.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org	mycomputer
	172.16.0.1	mycomputer.freebsdzine.org.
	172.16.0.2	hiscomputer.freebsdzine.org	hiscomputer
	172.16.0.2	hiscomputer.freebsdzine.org.
     
After editing our hosts file, we can then go edit /etc/host.conf.  We want
to check the hosts file before we try named, so we want to have hosts
before bind like so:
     
	# Default is to use the nameserver first
	hosts
	# If that doesn't work, then try the /etc/hosts file
	bind
	# If you have YP/NIS configured, uncomment the next line
	# nis


That's pretty much all there is to it.  I hope this clears up any
questions you may've had about the hosts file.
     
- Rob

$Id: hosts.txt,v 1.1 2000/02/16 08:07:42 jim Exp $